Sleep Disorders

Sleep Disorders Physiology

Sleep is an active, clinically important behavior, during which many physiologic processes of the organism change. These processes…    

Proposed Sleep Disorders

"Menstrual-associated sleep disorder is a disorder of unknown cause, characterized by a complaint of either insomnia or excessive…    

Medical and Psychiatric Sleep Disorders

Associated With Mental Disorders. Disordered sleep is typical of most psychiatric disorders. Unipolar depression is characteristically associated with…    

Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder

Substance-induced sleep disorder includes a prominent disturbance in sleep for which there is evidence from the history, physical…    

Sleep Disorders - Conclusions

The high prevalence of sleep disorders and their effect on both longevity and quality of life have brought…    

Sleep Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition

The diagnosis of sleep disorders due to a general medical condition is used in cases in which a…    

Hypersomnia Related to Another Mental Disorder

The essential feature of hypersomnia related to another mental disorder is a complaint of excessive sleepiness, with either…    

Sleep Terror Disorder and Sleepwalking Disorder

Sleep terrors are characterized by a sudden awakening from Stage 3/4 sleep that is accompanied by a piercing…    

Parasomnia Not Otherwise Specified

The ICSD recognizes more than 20 additional parasomnias not listed in DSM-IV. One of these conditions that has…    

Insomnia Related to Another Mental Disorder

Insomnia related to another mental disorder should be diagnosed when a patient has a predominant complaint of insomnia…    

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder is a persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption characterized by excessive sleepiness or…    

Treatment of Specific Sleep Disorders

As noted above, both behavioral treatments and pharmacological treatments can be applied to the treatment of almost all…    

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder

Breathing-related sleep disorder is characterized by a clinical complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness or insomnia or both. These…    

Primary Sleep Disorders: Parasomnias

Parasomnias are disorders of arousal during sleep or dysfunctions associated with particular sleep stages. These disorders are manifestations…    

Establishing a Collaborative Relationship

A collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist is necessary because the clinical management of most sleep disorders…    

Types of Treatments

Treatments for sleep disorders generally can be grouped into three categories: 1) behavioral/ psychotherapeutic treatments, 2) medications, and…    

Medications

Numerous classes of medications have been used as sedative-hypnotic drugs. In current practice, benzodiazepine receptor agonists and antidepressants…    

Other Somatic Treatments

Continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway…    

Combining Different Treatments

For most sleep disorders, behavioral/psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches are not incompatible and can be effectively combined to maximize…    

Evaluation of Sleep Disorders

A detailed clinical history is the most important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of sleep disorders. The clinical…