Substance-induced sleep disorder includes a prominent disturbance in sleep for which there is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings of substance use, intoxication, or withdrawal. The diagnosis rests on temporal coincidence…

The diagnosis of sleep disorders due to a general medical condition is used in cases in which a prominent disturbance in sleep is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical…

The essential feature of hypersomnia related to another mental disorder is a complaint of excessive sleepiness, with either prolonged nocturnal sleep or frequent daytime sleep episodes, that has lasted for at…

Insomnia related to another mental disorder should be diagnosed when a patient has a predominant complaint of insomnia for at least 1 month that causes daytime symptoms and impaired functioning. The…

The ICSD recognizes more than 20 additional parasomnias not listed in DSM-IV. One of these conditions that has drawn clinical and research interest is REM sleep behavior disorder. This disorder is characterized by…

Sleep terrors are characterized by a sudden awakening from Stage 3/4 sleep that is accompanied by a piercing scream, intense anxiety, and excessive autonomic arousal. These signs are significantly more intense…

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder is a persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption characterized by excessive sleepiness or insomnia. These symptoms result from a mismatch between the individual’s sleep-wake schedule and endogenous circadian…

Parasomnias are disorders of arousal during sleep or dysfunctions associated with particular sleep stages. These disorders are manifestations of abnormal or excessive activation of the central nervous system. Parasomnias do not necessarily lead…

Breathing-related sleep disorder is characterized by a clinical complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness or insomnia or both. These symptoms result from periodic cessation of breathing (apnea), diminished amplitude of airflow (hypopnea), or increased work…

As noted above, both behavioral treatments and pharmacological treatments can be applied to the treatment of almost all sleep disorders. In this section, we describe how the general characteristics of these treatments,…