Arousal disorders are characterized by confusion and automatic behavior after sudden arousal from delta sleep. The tendency to arouse from delta sleep spontaneously is a familial trait unrelated to epilepsy. Most patients have an affected…

“Nightmares are frightening dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep.” Because nightmares occur during REM sleep, the subject arouses easily and has detailed dream recall. Episodes typically occur later…

“Sleep bruxism is a stereotyped movement disorder characterized by grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep.” This is a common disorder that is sometimes correlated with stress. It results in disrupted nocturnal sleep, temporomandibular joint…

Diagnostic Features

The essential feature of Nightmare Disorder is the repeated occurrence of frightening dreams that lead to awakenings from sleep (Criterion A). The individual becomes fully alert on awakening (Criterion…

Diagnostic Features

The essential feature of Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder is a prominent disturbance in sleep that is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention (Criterion A) and is judged to be due to the…

780.xx Sleep Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition

Diagnostic Features

The essential feature of Sleep Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition is a prominent disturbance in sleep that is severe enough to…

Diagnostic Features

The essential feature of Sleepwalking Disorder is repeated episodes of complex motor behavior initiated during sleep, including rising from bed and walking about. Sleepwalking episodes begin during slow-wave sleep and therefore most often…

Diagnostic Features

The essential feature of Sleep Terror Disorder is the repeated occurrence of sleep terrors, that is, abrupt awakenings from sleep usually beginning with a panicky scream or cry (Criterion A). Sleep terrors…

Sleep disturbances often result from underlying mental disorders and not infrequently prompt the individual to seek treatment. The relation between sleep disorders and mood disorders has many theoretical implications as…